Equipment for measuring atmospheric potentials has been developed, using antennas without radioactive collectors, water droppers, or other special means for coupling to the atmosphere. The antennas thus far used are well-insulated horizontal wires about 20 m long, but the method is not limited to this type of antenna. After any initial net charge on the antenna has leaked off, the antenna is at atmospheric potential and subsequently closely follows variations in the atmospheric potential. Antenna potential is sensed with an electrometer tube, coupled to an amplifier providing feedback for neutralizing input capacitance and for guarding. Examples are given of potential recordings made with antennas at heights ranging from 25 cm to 3 m.
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W. D. Crozier (1963) studied this question.
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