The functional standing test; development and standardization of a clinical evaluation of standing function

The functional standing test, which quantifies standing performance based on the ability to free the upper extremities from support and balance tasks in order to manipulate the environment, is described. The development of the test was motivated by the need for a new assessment that reflects the clinical usefulness of standing and allows the comparison of functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) or any other rehabilitation technology to normal standing function. The test apparatus, functional tasks chosen to simulate everyday activities, and administration of the test are discussed. Results of applying the test to able-bodied norms and case studies with FNS and braces are presented.>