Highly stable physical-contact optical fiber connectors with spherical convex ends

Highly stable physical-contact optical fiber connectors achieved by optimizing ferrule end structures are described. Ceramic ferrule material, the curvature radius of the ferrule endfaces, and the convex vertex eccentricity from the ferrule central axis were studied. On the basis of these studies, single-mode and multimode fiber connectors with stable low-insertion loss and high-return-loss characteristics were fabricated.>