Periprosthetic joint infection: current concepts

Periprosthetic joint infections are challenging conditions with an increasing trend. Quality of life can be deeply compromised. Epidemiological and socioeconomical data are presented. Prevention strategies are fundamental to reduce the risk of infection. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, blood and synovial fluid markers, microbiology, histology, radiological investigations. Treatment consists in debridement, antibiotic pearls and retention of the implant (DAPRI), one and two stage reimplantation or Girdlestone procedure. In case of suspected periprosthetic infection, empirical antibiotic therapy should be started and converted to targeted therapy after surgical intervention and intraoperative cultures. Another treatment option is still by chronic suppressive therapy. Given the complexity of the condition, it is important to work with a qualified team, including orthopedic surgeons, infectious disease specialists, and microbiologists.