Eberhard Gwinner, Dieter Czeschlik, On the Significance of Spring Migratory Restlessness in Caged Birds, Oikos, Vol. 30, No. 2, Current Bird Migration Research. Proceedings of a Symposium at Falsterbo, Sweden, 3-8 October, 1977 (1978), pp. 364-372
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Gwinner et al. (1978) studied this question.
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