A study of inner-shell electron-impact ionization of heavy neutral atoms is presented. A relativistic distorted-wave method is used to calculate K-shell ionization of neutral Mn, Fe, Ni, and Cu, and also the L-shell ionization of neutral W. These calculations are compared with measurements made by electron-impact ionization from a thin target of the atomic species in question. Good agreement is found between the calculations and measurements.
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Colgan et al. (2006) studied this question.
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