The Requirement of Artemis in Double-Strand Break Repair Depends on the Type of DNA Damage

Artemis is a recently identified factor involved in V(D)J recombination and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Here, we performed targeted disruption of the Artemis gene (ARTEMIS) in the human pre-B cell line Nalm-6. Unexpectedly, we found that cells lacking Artemis exhibit increased sensitivity to low doses, but not high doses, of ionizing radiation. We also show that ARTEMIS-deficient cells are hypersensitive to the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide, but to a much lesser extent than cells lacking DNA ligase IV, a critical component of NHEJ. Unlike DNA ligase IV-deficient cells, ARTEMIS-deficient cells were not hypersensitive to ICRF-193, a topoisomerase II inhibitor that does not stabilize topoisomerase II-DNA cleavable complexes. Collectively, our results suggest that Artemis only partially participates in the NHEJ pathway to repair DSBs in human somatic cells.