Experiments were performed on a piston-cylinder gas spring. Speed, cyclic mean pressure, gas, bore/stroke ratio, volume ratio, and internal extended surface geometry were varied. Hysteresis loss, pressure wave magnitude, and pressure-volume phase shift were measured. Nondimensional variables were found to correlate results, and a theoretical model was found to predict results well, over most of the operating range.
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Kornhauser et al. (1993) studied this question.
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