We proposed a difference equation model for describing fiber lasers mode-locked with nonlinear polarization evolution. Based on this model we could characterize the intra-cavity nonlinear dynamics, such as steady single pulse emission, period multiplication, multi-pulsing and chaos. The influence of adjusting the wave-plate was studied. By shifting the linear phase bias, overdriving of the saturable absorber was relieved as in experiments, and it was found that the transition of intra-cavity dynamics depends on the modulation depth.
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Kong et al. (2011) studied this question.
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