The quantum dynamics of the two-dimensional image-potential states in front of the Cu(100) surface is measured by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The dispersion relation and the momentum resolved phase-relaxation time of the first image-potential state are determined from the quantum interference patterns in the local density of states at step edges. It is demonstrated that the tip-induced Stark shift does not affect the motion of the electrons parallel to the surface.
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Wahl et al. (2003) studied this question.
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