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A systematic frequency shift which reverses sign with either C field or beam reversal and which can be interpreted as the consequence of the Millman effect has been found in the new NRC cesium beam clock, CsV. A method of calculating the resonance asymmetry resulting from this effect and the dependence on the velocity distribution and exciting microwave power level of the frequency shift caused by it is described. Application of this theory to CsV leads to reasonable agreement with experimental results. Possible origins for the Millman effect in cesium beam standards are discussed, and it is concluded that the most likely source is a very small variation in the direction of the C field over normal beam trajectories within the microwave interaction regions.
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A. G. Mungall (1976) studied this question.
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