The canonical quantization procedure has been applied to the Yang-Mills field in axial gauge (→b₃=0). Noncovariant Feynman rules to all orders with any number of loops are obtained. It is then shown that the tree diagrams to all orders and the one-loop diagram to lowest order can be made covariant. The fictitious scalar particle makes its appearance in the covariantized one-loop diagram.
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Rabindra N. Mohapatra (1971) studied this question.
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