Aurora kinases are essential for PKC-induced invasion and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells

The Aurora kinase family of serine/threonine kinases are known to be crucial for cell cycle control. Aurora kinases are considered a target of anticancer drugs. However, few studies have assessed the effect of Aurora kinases in breast cancer. In the present study, to determine whether Aurora kinases play a role in oncogenic actions of protein kinase C (PKC), we investigated the effect of Aurora kinases on PKC-induced invasion and MMP-9 expression using breast cancer cells. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced the upregulation and phosphorylation of Aurora kinases via the MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, the inhibition of Aurora kinases by their siRNAs and inhibitors suppressed TPA-induced cell invasion and expression of MMP-9 by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB/AP-1, major transcription factors for MMP-9 expression in MCF-7 cells. These results suggested that Aurora kinases mediate PKC-MAPK signal to NF-κB/AP-1 with increasing MMP-9 expression and invasion of MCF-7 cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that Aurora kinases are key molecules in PKC-induced invasion in breast cancer cells.