The Apex Cardiogram: Its Normal Features Explained by Those Found in Heart Disease

The recording and interpretation of the low frequency movements at the cardiac apex have received little attention in recent years, when compared with the emphasis placed on the arterial and venous pulses in the neck. We are of the opinion that close scrutiny of the apex cardiogram, i.e. the record of these low frequency precordial movements, is of great value, not only as a reference tracing in phonocardiography, but as a diagnostic aid in itself.