Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) codoped with bismuth (Bi) and sulfur (S) elements was prepared by a simple sol−gel method using tetrabutyl titanate, bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, and thiourea as precursors. The codoped TiO 2 calcined at 400 °C exhibits an intense absorption in the range of 500−800 nm. The absorption edge corresponds to a band gap of 2.0 eV. An indigo carmine solution of 20 mg/L was completely photodegraded in 40 min in the presence of such photocatalyst under visible light (λ > 410 nm). This highly active photocatalytic performance is associated with the existence of numerous oxygen vacancies, the acidic sites on the surface of TiO 2, and the high specific surface area.
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Wang et al. (2008) studied this question.
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