Nonsurgical Methods for Penile Augmentation: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: There is no standardized approach for nonsurgical techniques for penile augmentation despite the increase of demand for this intervention. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety between different injection techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: On October 8, 2019, a literature search was performed on PubMed, Embase, Ovid, and Cochrane database. All articles describing penile augmentation were included. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included in this article with a total of 1,311 patients. Five studies were prospective cohort. The most commonly described technique was hyaluronic acid fillers with a total of 4 articles and 205 patients. The mean injected volume ranged from 20 to 40 mL. In all included studies, a minority of patients had side effects, but some had disabling complications. CONCLUSION: There are no defined clinical guidelines for penile augmentation techniques implemented yet. Hyaluronic acid seems to be safe, efficient, and with a high satisfaction score. Further randomized control trials are warranted. EBM LEVEL OF EVIDENCEBASED MEDICINE: 2a.