The luminescence lifetime of the excited state 4F9/2 of Er3+-ions doped (0.05 mol. %) in ZrO2 nanocrystals was found to be sensitive to the particle crystalline phase and size. Our analysis suggests that modifications of nonradiative relaxation mechanisms due to confinement effects are more important than the local symmetry structure of the host lattice in explaining the observed luminescence quenching.
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Maciel et al. (2004) studied this question.
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