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The former communist bloc countries of Eastern Europe are currently undergoing a paradigm shift towards a democratically‐based market economy. First discusses the new role of managers in these dramatically changing countries according to the technical, conceptual and human dimensions; then pay for performance, goal‐setting and feedback which are suggested as practical management development techniques that can help Eastern European managers to meet their performance challenges now and in the future.
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Fred Luthans (1993) studied this question.
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