The main tool in the study of both the climate system as a whole and processes within it is mathematical (numerical) simulation, based on a hierarchy of models, from the core global models of the general circulation of the atmosphere and ocean to large-scale models of geophysical turbulence. This is discussed in the article below.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Dymnikov et al. (2012) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: