A new method to treat the paramagnetic phase in the itinerant ferromagnetism is proposed. The restrictions on matrix elements from the rotational invariance are obtained by considering the response to a suitable symmetry-breaking external force. The uses of relations obtained in such a way enable us to go beyond the random-phase approximation without violating the rotational invariance. Concrete applications are discussed. The formulation itself has a natural correspondence to that in the ferromagnetic phase.
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Whitehead et al. (1982) studied this question.
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