Dielectric permittivity measurements show that (1− x )NaNbO 3 –( x )Gd 1/3 NbO 3 crystals, at x = 0.09, exhibit a first-order phase transition near 150 °C that is diffuse over a wide temperature interval. The area of the thermal hysteresis loop was found to depend both on annealing and cooling temperatures. Optical studies in polarized light show a decrease of the domain sizes at this phase transition. The results obtained are fitted assuming a spatial distribution of Curie temperatures.
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Raevski et al. (2004) studied this question.
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