Nb-doped TiO2 nanotube (NT) layers were grown by electrochemical anodization of Ti–Nb alloys. To successfully activate Nb doping the oxide tubes need to be annealed at sufficiently high temperatures (∼650 °C). For tubes doped with 0.1 wt% Nb not only a considerable increase in the electrical conductivity but also a significantly enhanced photocurrent (superior to any pure TiO2 nanotube layer (anatase or rutile)) was obtained.
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Yang et al. (2011) studied this question.
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