Large single crystals of calcium niobate Ca(NbO3)2, grown by the Čzochralski technique, are transparent and can be doped with rare earth or transition metal ions. Laser action has been observed in calcium niobate doped with trivalent neodymium, holmium, praseodymium, erbium, and thulium.
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Ballman et al. (1963) studied this question.
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