Theoretical analysis reveals relative radial transport resistance in Uranus and Neptune, indicating a mechanism-independent framework for evaluating planetary thermal asymmetry.
Order-Window Dynamics II (OWD II) develops a quantitative transport-constraint framework for open dissipative systems and applies it to the thermal asymmetry of Uranus and Neptune. Using observed intrinsic luminosities together with independently constrained interior thermal drives, the study derives relative effective radial transport resistance without prescribing a specific internal transport mechanism. The approach separates thermodynamic drive, accessible transport, and observed output, emphasizes falsifiability and parsimonious model construction, and treats planetary interior physics as the authoritative carrier layer. The work is presented as a quantitative constraint method rather than a universal theory or a complete solution to the Uranus–Neptune heat-flow problem.
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Rudolf Schaefer (2026) studied this question.
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