High‐Performance Fire‐Extinguishing Microfibers With Perfluorohexane Encapsulation and Polylactic Acid‐6H‐Dibenz(C,E)(1,2)oxaphosphorin‐6‐oxide Coating for Advanced Cable Protection

Electrical fires, as one of the major types of fire accidents, pose a serious threat to the safety of people’s lives and property. Enhancing the thermal insulation and flame‐retardant properties of cable materials can effectively suppress initial temperature rise and fire spread, making it a crucial research direction for electrical fire prevention. In this study, wet spinning technology was employed to fabricate calcium alginate nodal fibers encapsulated with fire extinguishing agent perfluorohexanone (PFH). By precisely regulating the flow parameters of the internal and external phases, controllable adjustment of fiber node size and distribution density was achieved. Further coating with polylactic acid and 6H‐dibenz(C,E)(1,2)oxaphosphorin‐6‐oxide (DOPO) flame‐retardant layers significantly improved mechanical strength, nodal thermal rupture pressure, and PFH release rate. Under high‐temperature conditions, the vaporization of PFH leads to an increase in internal pressure of the node and ultimately causes it to rupture and rapid release—this process absorbs a large amount of heat and displaces oxygen. As a cable filling material, the coated fibers enable uniform distribution of the fire extinguishing agent within the cable, significantly enhancing its fire extinguishing performance. This provides an efficient and scalable solution for early‐stage fire protection.