Which Primates Recognize Themselves in Mirrors?

Interest in the comparative study of mirror self-recognition persists because of the implications for self-awareness and the possibility of a cognitive divide among primates.Evidence from many studies carried out over 40 years shows that humans and great apes are distinguished from other nonhuman primates by their capacity for self-recognition.We review some recent developments in the field, with critical reference to claims that monkeys show self-recognition.Focusing on methodological issues, we conclude that there is no compelling evidence for mirror self-recognition in any non-ape primate species.The Perspective section provides experts with a forum to comment on topical or controversial issues of broad interest.