Eighteen observers judged the apparent brightness of light flashes that varied in both duration and luminance. The median numerical estimations (made relative to a standard flash) confirmed three principles: the reciprocity between luminance and duration (Bloch's law), the enhancement of brightness at about 50 milliseconds (Broca-Sulzer effect), and the power-law relation between brightness and energy (Stevens's law).
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David H. Raab (1962) studied this question.
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