Amino acid sequence of a new type of antifreeze protein, from the longhorn sculpin Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosis

A new type of fish antifreeze protein, designated here type IV, has been isolated from the longhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosis. Sequence analysis of the protein (LS-12) reveals that it contains 108 amino acids, is blocked at the N-terminus by a pyroglutamyl group and has a high (17%) content of glutamine; it is thus completely unrelated to the earlier described types I, II and III fish antifreeze proteins. Circular dichroism spectra and conformational analysis based on the sequence data indicate that LS-12 has a high helix content and probably folds as a four-helix bundle. LS-12 shows sequence similarity to certain plasma apolipoproteins known to have helix bundle structures, suggesting the possibility that LS-12 may have arisen by recruitment and mutation of a plasma apolipoprotein.