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The optical emission pattern of experimental sphere-tipped fibers and an assortment of shapes of sapphire-tipped fibers has been measured. The emission patterns were recorded in both air and water. These patterns show that cone and wedge shaped tips unexpectedly have focusing properties. The observed patterns help give an understanding of the results that the tips produce on tissues. The optical analysis suggests ways of improving tip designs.
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Royston et al. (1989) studied this question.
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