The effect of an excessive corona discharge treatment on polypropylene films has been investigated by friction force microscopy, an extension of atomic force microscopy. Friction force microscopy has been applied as a material specific analytical tool resulting in increased friction of morphological changes on the polymer surface, such as the formation of dropletlike protrusions. Shear experiments on the submicrometer scale provide information about the adhesive strength between the dropletlike protrusions and the bulk polymer surface. By applying lateral forces greater than 10−5 N, single protrusions, several hundred nanometers in size, have been tracked and sheared over the polymer bulk surface. This threshold has been quantified by a brief calculation of surface energies. Based on various information during measurements of the protrusion shape and properties, the droplets are assumed to be a product of frozen degradation products.
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Overney et al. (1994) studied this question.
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