Introduction of cloned genes into Neisseria gonorrhoeae

There is considerable knowledge about the genetics and physiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (see references 6 and 20 for recent reviews). Recent studies with monoclonal antibodies and recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), coupled with studies of the immunobiology of various surface antigens, have provided significant advances in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the infections caused by this organism. Molecular cloning of the DNA encoding various proteins has expedited the identification and characterization of important surface antigens. To date, a wide variety of surface antigens have been cloned in Escherichia coli (see reference 33 for a current review). The common thread that underlies these advances is the identification of important genes by cloning and expressing them in E. coli. However, many important proteins may be missed by this approach, since E. coli may not properly express the genes of interest. In addition, the cell signals that regulate their biosynthesis may not be recognized in E. coli. An alternative strategy would be to clone and identify the desired genes directly in N. gonorrhoeae. To introduce cloned genes into N. gonorrhoeae, a significant amount of research was necessary to identify what genetic tools could be used, what strains could serve as recipients, and what cloning vectors could function in this bacterium.