Recent advances made in the preparation of aryl- and heteroarylazulenes using transition-metal-catalyzed reactions and azulene electrophilic heteroarylation reactions are described. Emphasis is given to the development of novel azulenyl-substituted metallic reagents. The synthetic routes that utilize these processes as key steps provide straightforward access to functionalized azulene-based advanced materials that possess unique redox properties.
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Ito et al. (2011) studied this question.