A study of perovskite solar cell with a Fe 3+ /Ga 3+ doped TiO 2 layer

Perovskite has a structure of a large number of solar cells, which is very promising for the rapid commercialization of large-scale, low-cost solar cells. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have many advantages, such as their simple processing techniques and inexpensive raw materials. The conduction band of TiO 2 used in many PSCs coincides well with that of the perovskite active layer. In addition, TiO 2 has excellent stability and conductivity and can be obtained by various low-cost deposition methods. However, TiO 2 traps electrons in oxygen vacancies and Ti lattice sites; this leads to recombination, which in turn reduces the efficiency of the device. In this study, we investigated the effects of Fe 3+ and Ga 3+ ions on the efficiency of PSCs by doping them in a compact and mesoporous layer of TiO 2 . As a result, the perovskite solar cell using TiO 2 doped with Fe 3+ and Ga 3+ shows an open-circuit voltage of 0.974 V, current density of 21.909 mA cm −2 , 66.646% fill factor, and 14.21% efficiency. Fe 3+ and Ga 3+ have a smaller atomic radius than Ti 4+ and thus, can replace Ti cations. Furthermore, the Fe 3+ and Ga 3+ doping of TiO 2 is considered to be superior for the photoelectric performance of PSCs.