Psychological responses to menopausal hot flushes: Implications of a qualitative study for counselling interventions

There is relatively little research concerning women's experiences of menopausal problems. This questionnaire study explored women's descriptions of their thoughts and concerns during menopausal hot flushes, identifying cognitive and emotional factors that are particularly related to high levels of self-reported distress. Women more highly distressed by hot flushes tend to report more numerous flush episodes but also face more catastrophizing thoughts and negative self-definitions. Lack of information and effective medical support is a common problem. On the basis of this study, together with a review of the limited psychological interventions that have been published in this area, several facets of flush distress are identified that may be addressed in counselling. Women unwilling or unable to take hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may find it helpful to become aware of the role of negative thoughts and fears in magnifying flush distress. Some may need to grieve for a changed body-image. Active coping strategies such as relaxation may enhance the sense of control and contribute to coping during hot flushes.