Evidence for optical guiding of 1.7-mm-wavelength radiation along an electron beam in a Raman free-electron laser is obtained experimentally and compared with numerical simulations. Optical guiding is manifest as the interference effect of several waveguide modes; this is observed beyond the point of electron-beam termination. The experiment operates in the regime of exponential signal gain and appreciable electron-beam space charge.
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Bhattacharjee et al. (1988) studied this question.
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