Blue and ultraviolet upconversion (UC) emissions at 455 and 363nm were observed from Tm3+ doped fluoroindate glasses pumped at 650nm. The time behavior of the UC signals was studied for different Tm3+ concentrations. The measurements revealed the origin of the UC process as well as allowed to quantify the interaction between Tm3+ ions. The results indicate that a two-step one-photon absorption process is responsible for the UC emissions, and dipole-dipole interaction provides the main contribution for energy transfer (ET) among active ions. The critical distance between Tm3+ ions at which the ET rate is equal to the decay rate of noninteracting Tm3+ ions was determined.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Jerez et al. (2004) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: