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We describe a 128 GHz electron-spin-resonance spectrometer based on heterodyne detection with double frequency conversion utilizing cryogenic Schottky-diode mixers. Together with other mm-wave components installed into a dilution refrigerator cryostat, the mixers comprise a bridge operating at 1.5 K. A miniature Fabry–Perot resonator is used to detect samples of bulk and surface-adsorbed atomic hydrogen gas at temperatures below 100 mK. The sensitivity is 2×109 spins/Gauss at the excitation power of 20 pW.
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Vasilyev et al. (2003) studied this question.
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