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DNA hybridization to peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-functionalized Au-coated tips is characterized by probing the force interactions between the PNA-functionalized tip or the DNA/PNA-functionalized tip with a hydrophobic 1-mercaptoundecane-modified Au surface, using chemical force microscopy (CFM). DNA concentrations as low as 3 × 10 -13 M can be detected by probing the respective force interactions. The CFM method is sufficiently sensitive to detect a single base mismatch in the analyte DNA.
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Lioubashevski et al. (2001) studied this question.
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