Measurements of directional brightness surface temperature were performed over vineyards using an airborne thermal infrared camera. These measurements reveal differences of up to 15°C according to the viewing direction and are critically impacted by vine row orientation. The contribution of each element of the canopy (sunlit/shaded soil and vegetation) to the directional anisotropy is illustrated using a simple 3-D model and the POV-Ray ray-tracing tool.
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Lagouarde et al. (2013) studied this question.
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