Analogue squarer and multiplier based on floating-gateMOS transistors

A simple squarer based on floating-gate MOS transistors is presented. The squarer has rail-to-rail input range with less than 0.5% non-linearity error. Using this squarer single-ended and/or differential signals can be processed without additional circuitry. Also, a four quadrant analogue multiplier can be realised using the proposed squarer. Simulation results are given to verify the theoretical analysis.