Second-order effects in (e, 2e) excitation-ionization of helium to (n= 2)

First and second Born (e, 2e) calculations are presented for excitation-ionization of ground-state helium to . Results for ionization to the ground-state ion (1s) are also given. The physical content of the approximations is discussed, in particular, the two-step mechanism which appears in the second-order term for excitation-ionization. The second Born term is calculated in the closure approximation using a new numerical method based on prolate spheroidal coordinates. Comparison is made with absolute experimental data from Paris and Rome in very asymmetric coplanar geometry - scattered electron energies of 5500, 1500 and 570 eV and ejected electron energies of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 75 eV. For excitation-ionization the second Born approximation generally gives improved agreement with the experimental data in the recoil region and second-order effects are found to be still significant at 5500 eV. The importance of the second-order term decreases with increasing ejected energy for the cases studied here.