Obesity, Depression, Demographics Factors and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Middle-Aged Population in Thailand

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major public health problems with an increasing trend in Thailand. This research aimed to determine the influence of nutritional status, mental health, and demographic factors on type 2 diabetes mellitus among the middle-aged population in Thailand. This cross-sectional study used the big data platform of the Heath Data Center of the Department of Public Health. This nationwide survey collected data from 2,197,062 participants using the 43-standard healthcare folder's forms. The generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to identify the association of nutritional status, risk behaviors, and type 2 diabetes mellitus when controlling the effects of covariates presenting adjusted odds ratios (adj. OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Among 2,197,062 respondents, 5.53 % (95% CI: 5.50-5.56) had type 2 diabetes mellitus. Factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus were: obesity with BMI ≥ 30 (adj. OR = 3.62; 95% CI: 3.48-3.76), mild-severe depression (adj. OR = 2.43; 95% CI: 2.21-2.79), aged between 55-59 years old (adj. OR = 2.45; 95% CI: 2.42-2.49), were widowed/divorced/separate (adj. OR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.85-2.26), female (adj. OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.43-1.47), smoking (adj. OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.21-1.28), drinking alcohol (adj. OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.21-1.27), and had diabetes relative (adj. OR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.69-1.77). One in twenty middle-aged respondents had type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity, depression, age, marital status, family history, smoking, and drinking alcohol were associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.