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, nanotransducers and microphotodiodes. Then, we review the use of organic and inorganic light-emitting diodes for optogenetics and implantable wireless optoelectronic systems that enable closed-loop optogenetic neuromodulation through the use of light-emitting diodes, wireless power transfer circuits, and feedback loops. Exploration of materials and mechanisms together with the presented applications from both research and clinical perspectives in this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the optical neuromodulation field with its advantages and challenges to build superior systems in the future.
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Karatum et al. (2023) studied this question.
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