Nonvolatile Full Adder Based on a Single Multivalued Hall Junction

Multivalued logic devices are promising candidates for achieving high-density, low-power memory and logic functionalities. We present a room-temperature ferromagnetic (FM) multilayer Hall junction device with four distinct resistance — and thus logic — states. The states can be encoded as a quaternary bit and decoded into two binary bits. We experimentally demonstrate a nonvolatile full adder that is based on a single Hall junction, the extraordinary Hall balance (EHB). The device can be easily integrated into complex logic circuits for logic-in-memory architectures.