A novel electrochemical actuator based on polyaniline@vertically aligned carbon nanotube nanocomposite electrodes, in which the vertically aligned structure is introduced by a facilely electrochemical process. Owing to the vertically aligned nanocomposite electrode providing ordered path channel for faster ion transportation and high electrochemical capacitance for more ion accumulation, our actuator displays intriguing actuation performance including large deformation, fast-actuation speed, and excellent actuation stability.
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Wu et al. (2016) studied this question.
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