Shape-controlled fabrication process for oxide nanotubes (ZrO2, Al2O3, and SiO2) by using carbon nanofibers templates was developed. By using thick, thin, and coiled carbon nanofibers as templates, shapes of oxide nanotubes could be controlled, that is, a variety of attractive nanotubular materials could be synthesized.
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Ogihara et al. (2006) studied this question.