FDTD modeling of noise in computer packages

In this paper, we discuss the electromagnetic modeling of the components of a computer package that contribute to noise on the signal lines in computer packages. We obtain equivalent circuits of coupled transmission lines, discontinuities in transmission lines, and a parallel-plate power plane configuration. These equivalent circuits allow one to use a circuit simulator to model the crosstalk, reflection, and simultaneous switching noises that are common in computer packages. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) algorithm is used to obtain the full-wave electromagnetic field solutions from which the equivalent circuits are determined.>