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Paint by number? Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with distinct biomolecules (see picture) can be assembled onto nanoelectrodes on a template under the control of magnetic and electric fields. The MNP–biomolecule conjugates can then be transferred from the template to a biocompatible polymer substrate. Arbitrary nanopatterns can be fabricated by the magnetic electric lithography process over a large area with a resolution down to 10 nm.
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Gu et al. (2008) studied this question.
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