A theory of multi-quantum photo-ionization is applied to interpret some recent measurements (Rizzo and Klewe 1966) of optical breakdown thresholds in caesium and rubidium vapours. It is concluded that ionization occurs by a mixture of direct and indirect (two-photon resonance) processes, the latter predominating as the atomic density of each vapour increases.
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Julian W. Gardner (1967) studied this question.
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