Experimental study demonstrates solvatochromism and high fluorescence brightness of pyrene-based dyes across polar and apolar solvents, highlighting carboxamide groups as effective weak acceptors.
A novel pyrene-based D–π–A dye consisting of piperidine (D) and a secondary N-alkyl carboxamide (A) was prepared. This dye showed solvatochromism and bright fluorescence in solvents with a wide range of polarities, including water. Such emission properties are derived from the role of the secondary N-alkyl carboxamide group as both a weak acceptor and a stabilizer of the n electrons on the carbonyl group.
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Niko et al. (2014) studied this question.
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